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    A multi-resolution MPS-PD coupling method for three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction involving fracture
    (2026-01-15)
    Xie, Fengze
    ;
    Zhang, Jian
    ;
    Li, Yifan
    ;
    Wan, Decheng
    ;
    Abdel-Maksoud, Moustafa
    In this paper, an in-house solver MPSPD-SJTU is developed to address 3D Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problems with fracture. The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method is utilized to simulate the violent free-surface flows while the PeriDynamics (PD) method is employed to model the structures with large deformations and fractures. Besides, a Kernel Function Based Interpolation Technique (KFBI) is incorporated into the coupling method to handle the MPS particles and PD particles with different resolutions. Firstly, the MPS solver is utilized to simulate dam break flow impacting a fixed obstacle, serving to evaluate its accuracy and reliability. Subsequently, the PD-based structural solver is validated by simulating an oscillating cantilever plate, a clamped-clamped elastic beam under uniformly distributed load, the Kalthoff-Winkler impact test, and three-point bending of an ice beam. Next, the MPS-PD model is validated via some benchmark tests, such as flood discharge with an elastic plate, hydrostatic water column on an elastic plate, dam-break flow with a hanging elastic plate, as well as dam-break flow with an elastic obstacle. The numerical results obtained in this study exhibit good agreement with experimental data as well as those from other numerical methods. Finally, the coupling model is applied to investigate the dam-break flow impacting a hanging elastic plate with a prefabricated crack.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      31
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    Transient infrared nanoscopy resolves the millisecond photoswitching dynamics of single lipid vesicles in water
    (2025-07-01)
    Gölz, T.
    ;
    Baù, E.
    ;
    Zhang, J.
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    Kaltenecker, K.
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    Trauner, D.
    Understanding the biophysical and biochemical properties of molecular nanocarriers under physiological conditions with minimal interference is critical for advancing photopharmacology, drug delivery, nanotheranostics and synthetic biology. However, analytical methods often struggle to combine precise chemical imaging and dynamic measurements without perturbative labeling. This challenge is exemplified by azobenzene-based photoswitchable lipids, which are intriguing reagents for controlling nanocarrier properties on fast timescales, enabling precise light-induced drug release. Here, we leverage the chemical recognition and high spatio-temporal resolution of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) to demonstrate a non-destructive, label-free technique for mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy of individual photoswitchable liposomes. Our transient nanoscopy approach enables imaging below the diffraction limit and tracks dynamics with sampling times as fast as 30 ms. We resolve photoinduced changes in shape and MIR spectral signature of individual vesicles and discover abrupt and delayed photoisomerization dynamics. Our findings highlight the method’s potential for studying complex dynamics of unlabeled nanoscale soft matter.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      7
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    An efficient hybrid finite-element analysis of multiple vias sharing the same anti-pad in an arbitrarily shaped parallel-plate pair
    (IEEE, 2015-01-26)
    Zhang, Yao Jiang
    ;
    Ren, Liehui
    ;
    Liu, Dazhao
    ;
    De, Soumya
    ;
    Gu, Xiaoxiong
    A hybrid 3-D and equivalent 2-D finite-element method (FEM) is proposed for signal/power integrity analysis of multiple vias in a shared anti-pad in an arbitrarily shaped parallel-plate pair. The entire domain of the plate pair is decomposed into via-domains and plate domains by virtual interfaces. Complicated fields in via-domains, due to mode conversions from transverse electromagnetic modes in anti-pads or via-holes to parallel-plate modes, are described by a 3-D FEM while in plate domains, only the zeroth-order parallel-plate modes are assumed to exist a little far away from anti-pads. Triangular prism elements are utilized in both via-domains and plate domains. It is proven that the 3-D triangular prism element can be reduced to an equivalent 2-D triangle element by a novel edge numbering process and the boundary conditions along the interfaces of via-domains and plate domains can be automatically satisfied. The accuracy of the hybrid method has been validated by comparison with other numerical methods, and its flexibility, as well as efficiency, are also demonstrated.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      54
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    Validation and application of physics-based via models to dense via arrays
    (Curran Associates, Inc., 2011)
    Gu, Xiaoxiong
    ;
    Kwark, Young Hoon
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    Zhang, Yao Jiang
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    Fan, Jun
    ;
    Ruehli, Albert
    Fast and accurate via models are required to analyze dense via arrays on printed circuit boards with pitches up to 1mm. Fundamentals of physics-based via models are reviewed and their advantages over general-purpose electromagnetic field solvers are discussed. Recent studies extend the models to take into account multiple scattering among vias. This paper also analyzes if anisotropic field distribution on via holes, and boundary reflection due to the finite size of power planes play a role for high speed digital designs. The updated via models are validated by hardware measurement and 3D full-wave simulations.
    Publicationtype: Conference Paper
      39