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    Item type:Publication, Access status: with files ,
    Integral experiments and magnetic resonance Imaging of lab-scale liquid distributors
    Liquid maldistribution in packed beds can significantly reduce process efficiency and is strongly influenced by the liquid distributor design. In this work, four lab-scale liquid distributors based on gravity- and pressure-driven operating principles were investigated at two liquid loads. Their performance was evaluated using flow maps and the maldistribution factor, revealing substantial differences between designs. The distributor providing the most homogeneous distribution was further analyzed regarding flow stability, gas load, and packing interaction. Compared to a single-point liquid distribution, the proposed distributor reduced maldistribution and wall flow. Magnetic resonance imaging measurements showed a progressive deterioration of the flow homogeneity along the packing height.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      36  20
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    New type of process control system for bioprocesses with model-assisted optimization tools
    The development of effective control strategies for bioprocesses faces engineers with major challenges. Bioreactor systems must independently control changing conditions – a task that requires innovative automation tools such as the WinErs process control and simulation system. This integrates complex process models, enables simulations and parameter estimations, and offers control strategies for processes with multiple inputs and outputs. The WinErs Data Lake collects extensive process data, while model-assisted tools support the optimization of control variables. It provides an effective solution to bridge the gap between laboratory and industry.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      52
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    Review on the impact of impeller‐induced hydrodynamics on suspension cell culture for production of biopharmaceuticals
    (Wiley-VCH, 2024-02-20) ; ;
    Hydrodynamic effects continue to play a crucial role in the design and operation of bioreactors for cultivating mammalian cells. Despite intensive studies in the past the link between hydrodynamics and biological process behaviour is still not fully understood. Common methods to describe dependencies, which relay mostly on averaged hydrodynamic parameters, does not seem to be suitable, as they do not incorporate the hydrodynamic heterogeneity. Within this review first a brief introduction to hydrodynamic effects is given, followed by an evaluation of common process design approaches with respect to hydrodynamic effects and recommendations for process development.
    Publicationtype: Review Article
    Scopus© Citations 1  39  44
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    Impact of hard magnetic nanocrystals on the properties of hardened cement paste
    (Wiley, 2023-09-08) ;
    Mahlbacher, Markus
    ;
    Wesemann, Christoph
    ;
    Mundstock, Alexander
    ;
    Lübkemann-Warwas, Franziska
    In this work, nano‐sized hard magnetic gallium‐substituted iron oxide crystals, wherein gallium is used to stabilize the metastable epsilon iron oxide phase, were added to cement‐water suspensions at different ratios, which were subsequently hydrated for at least 28 days. It is shown that higher contents of such nanocrystals in the hardened cement paste introduce a magnetic moment, whereas the mechanical properties remain unchanged compared to non‐blended hardened cement paste for a wide concentration range.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      15
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      20
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    Enzyme-assisted extraction of alginate from beach wrack fucus vesiculosus
    Beach wrack constitutes an unutilized, abundant renewable source of marine macro algae being rich in valuable biopolymers. This work investigates the revalorization of the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus collected from beach wrack as a source of alginate, the main polysaccharide in brown algae which constitutes a potential ingredient for the development of biopolymer films. Enzyme-assisted extraction has been investigated for cell disruption with commercial cellulase blends and proteases. The effect of enzyme type, enzyme activity, and extraction time on alginate yields, molecular weight distribution, functional groups, and purity has been studied.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
    Scopus© Citations 3  75  297
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    Experiments on the dynamic behavior of the chemical looping combustion process
    The dynamic operation of thermal power plants becomes more and more important due to more diverse and volatile power sources. Load changes of biomass, bituminous coal and methane were conducted during six experimental runs in a chemical looping combustion pilot plant which combines power generation and CO2 capture. The resulting step responses of the hydrodynamics and gas concentrations were compared to each other to understand the transient behavior of the interconnected fluidized bed system. The influence of the fuel rate and solid circulation on the response time and intensity was assessed.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      57  114
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    Influence of nozzle parameters on spray pattern and droplet characteristics for a two-fluid nozzle
    In this study, a two-fluid nozzle, as, e.g., used in fluidized-bed or spray drying applications, is comprehensively characterized regarding the spray pattern and droplet size. To analyze the spray cone, the spray cone angle and the radial mass distribution of the nozzle were measured at varied liquid flow rate, spray air pressure, liquid insert bore diameter, and air cap position. Additionally, droplet size distributions were recorded at different spray settings. In general, the overall spray cone and single droplets are significantly influenced by the spray parameters, especially the spray air pressure, as well as the nozzle geometry.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
    Scopus© Citations 3  172  209
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    Influence of process parameters and particle size distribution on mechanical properties of tablets
    The influence of the particle size distribution of maltodextrin powders with a dextrose equivalent level of 29 as well as two tableting process variables, namely the compression pressure and the dwell time, on the tensile strength, porosity, and pore size distribution of the final tablet was studied. The mechanical strength and porosity of the tablets are assessed in relation to the powder and process parameters. Regarding the process parameter, it was show that the compaction pressure clearly has a more pronounced influence on the tablet porosity and mechanical strength compared to the influence of the dwell time in the range of the study. As a result, the study offers a better understanding of how the properties of a tablet are influenced by the inter-correlation of powder characteristics and tableting parameters. Therefore, the shelf-life studies and tablet downstream processing as well as drug product development will benefit greatly from this work.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
    Scopus© Citations 2  64  135
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    CFD-DEM simulation of superquadric cylindrical particles in a spouted bed and a rotor granulator
    The fluidization behavior of cylindrical particles in a spouted bed was first investigated experimentally using a camera setup. The obtained average spouted bed height was used to evaluate the accuracy of different drag models in CFD-DEM simulations with the superquadric approach to model the particle shape. The drag model according to Sanjeevi et al. showed the best agreement. With this model, cylindrical particles were simulated in a rotor granulator and the particle dynamics were compared with the fluidization of volume equivalent spherical particles.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
    Scopus© Citations 4  30  52