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    GRK 3068 - Climate-informed Engineering
    Spokesperson: Professor Dr. Shokri Deputy spokesperson: Professor Dr. Smirnova Breakthroughs in computing have led to the development of new generations of Earth Systems Models, which provide detailed information on how our planet may locally respond to the ongoing global warming, with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions of 1 km and a few minutes, respectively. This massive climate data may be of little value, if not utilized by engineers who are involved in developing technical solutions for real-world challenges. Engineers stand to benefit from seizing this opportunity and by incorporating climate data in engineering designs, solutions, and practices. This benefit is precisely the key driving force for founding the Research Training Group (RTG) on Climate-informed Engineering (CIE) as an emerging interdisciplinary field of research integrating state-of-the-art climate information with engineering education. A structured training strategy is designed in the RTG featuring a broad range of educational activities to facilitate training and promote early-career researchers who will contribute to developing the next generation of engineering solutions that are adaptive to climate. In doing so, we will integrate a new generation of climate models in our training through the active involvement of the Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), an internationally renowned organization at the forefront of global efforts on climate models. Furthermore, the RTG offers a joint PhD program between TUHH and the United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH). Hence, the PhD candidates will benefit from the interactions with renowned experts at UNU and the UN on a variety of topics related to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which is at the heart of our RTG. The RTG will utilize engineering science and innovative approaches to develop new materials, processes, and predictive capabilities to help people, businesses, and ecosystem in the face of climate change. The RTG will include three main Research Areas, namely CIE for Built Environment, CIE for Process Engineering and CIE for Sustainable Resource Management and Environment. Ten projects are designed in the first funding phase, covering a wide range of topics, spanning from influence of climate on renewable resources and food engineering to developing novel materials for latent heat storage. The projects will couple indoor and outdoor climates based on Internet-of-Things technologies and will develop predictive capabilities for water and food security. All the principal investigators and PhD candidates share the common goal of employing new-generation climate information to devise strategies for mitigating climate change. This interdisciplinary RTG is the first of its kind, ultimately enabling engineers to build infrastructure and to develop new materials and processes that are informed by the climate data, which will be an increasingly important dimension of engineering education in the 21st century.
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    Multiphase Flow Optimisation Strategies with Industrial Applications
    New adjoint-based optimisation approaches to multiphase flows. Multiphase flows, fluid flows consisting of more than one phase, are ubiquitous in industry. They seem to be holding the key to the efficient design of electrification technologies for the transport sector, such as battery thermal management systems and proton exchange membrane fuel cells for innovative aviation propulsion systems. However, methods for optimising multiphase flows for industrial applications are lacking. Funded by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions programme, the MFLOPS project aspires to develop coupled multiphase flow and optimisation methods, including adjoint methods, and apply them to cases specified by non-academic beneficiaries and partners.
      113
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    Quantum Computational Fluid Dynamics
    Scientific and technological progress is broadly underpinned by the ability to accurately predict and optimise complex fluid flows which arise across the physical and life sciences including climate research, as well as in the energy, chemical, automotive, aircraft, and ship building industries. The wide separation of length and time scales that need to be covered when designing and optimising flows and a large number of design parameters make numerical simulations highly demanding. Current capabilities are thus insufficient to meet future demands of users in academia and industry. We will tackle this challenge by developing a quantum software framework for solving a wide range of industrially relevant computational fluid dynamics problems. This will consist of platform-independent quantum algorithms and hardware optimized software for platforms in the European Quantum Technology Flagship Projects. Tensor-network simulations, gate-level classical simulations including realistic quantum noise models, and implementations on quantum hardware will provide detailed information on quantum hardware requirements, achievable quantum advantages, and provide feedback to hardware developers. The quantum software will be verified and benchmarked against standard computational fluid dynamics results. It will be developed in agile cycles to respond quickly to user demands and progress in the quality of quantum hardware. We will demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the quantum approach starting from a core set of highly scalable and industrially relevant design examples arising in the thermal management of battery-electric-vehicles aimed at increasing their efficiency. Subsequently, we will extend our approach to a wider class of fluid flows and industry partners. We will create an interface between the quantum software framework and the industry standard computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM to make it widely available and maximise its impact.
      69
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    Zero Emission Auxiliary Propulsor ZAP
    Weltweite Bemühungen, die Umwelt zu schützen und zu schonen, werden in den Vorschriften zur CO2-Reduzierung besonders deutlich. Die IMO hat hierfür der Schifffahrt klare Ziele gesetzt, die große technische Herausforderungen darstellen, insbesondere für die fahrende Flotte. Auf Grund der großen Zahl an existierenden Schiffen (über 90.000), den begrenzten Ressourcen an Stahl, Energie und Werftkapazitäten, müssen nachhaltige Lösungen gefunden werden, die mit der vorhanden Infrastruktur auskommen, trotzdem aber wirksam den CO2 Ausstoß verringern. Daraus ergibt sich für die maritime Industrie die Notwendigkeit, innovative Lösungen für die zu erwartenden Um- und Nachrüstungen der fahrenden Flotte zu entwickeln, um diese bedarfsgerecht 2025 zur Verfügung stellen zu können. Daher steht im Fokus des geplanten Vorhabens, eine effiziente Nachrüstversion eines Hilfsantriebs (Zero Emission Auxiliary Propulsor ZAP) zu entwickeln, der mit umweltneutraler Energieversorgung durch wasserstoffbetriebene Brennstoffzellen ausgestattet wird. Für den Elbeabschnitt und den Hamburger Hafen würde der Einsatz des ZAP eine Vermeidung von Abgasen, tieffrequenten Schalls, Erhöhung der Manövriersicherheit sowie wirtschaftliche Vorteile für Hamburger Unternehmen bedeuten. Der ZAP ist geeignet für den Einsatz als alleiniger Schiffsantrieb bei kleinen Geschwindigkeiten in der Kanalfahrt, Revierfahrt, im Hafen zum Manövrieren usw. Die grüne Energiequelle kann durch die Verbindung zum Bordnetz Elektroenergie einspeisen, sodass ein Schiff auf Reede, in Küstennähe oder bewohnten Gebieten ohne Abgasemissionen und ohne tieffrequenten Schall betrieben werden kann. Mit jedem installiertem kW können 0,6 kg CO2 pro Betriebsstunde eingespart werden.
      66
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    Transregio 181 - Teilprojekt T04: Energy Fluxes at the Air-Sea Interface
    At present, climate models feature energetic inconsistencies, with an error equivalent in magnitude to the energy imbalance of the Earth’s climate system due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This leads to biases in the models and limits their ability to predict climate-relevant processes and mechanisms which ultimately affects climate projections. To resolve these shortcomings, we urgently need to address model inconsistencies of numerical and mathematical nature by deepening the physical understanding of energy transfers between the three main dynamical regimes in the atmosphere and the ocean, i.e. small-scale turbulence, gravity waves and geostrophically balanced motion. This CRC assembles expertise in observational and theoretical physical oceanography and meteorology, numerical modelling, and mathematics toi. develop the necessary understanding of the energy transfers between the different dynamical regimes of the atmosphere and the ocean,i. develop, test and implement new and energetically consistent parameterizations in ocean, atmosphere and coupled models,ii. develop numerical and mathematical methods featuring consistent energetics.By resolving the dilemma of missing understanding and inconsistent atmosphere and ocean models with large biases by the past and future work of this CRC, it is our vision to subsequently establish an energetically consistent framework of the coupled climate system and to develop physically, mathematically and numerically consistent models for both the atmosphere and the ocean.Successful steps towards our goal of energetically consistent and improved atmosphere and ocean models have been made in the first phase of the CRC. We propose to transition now towards the second phase under the motto “from model consistency to improved accuracy of climate models'' by equipping the models with new parameterizations and numerics developed during the first phase. Novel physical and mathematical concepts and a deeper understanding taking new important processes into account will lead in the second phase to new and more accurate parameterizations and numerics that mark a further huge step towards energetically consistent models from the regional to the global scale. In this project, we propose three work packages to experimentally as well as numerically examine the unknown details of the energy transfer mechanisms in the vicinity of the ocean surface, and to prepare the supplementary modelling of this energy transfer in general circulation models. Experimental and numerical efforts will exploit the techniques developed during the first phase of this CRC to identify the physics controlling air-sea energy fluxes and to quantify the mechanical energy budget within the coupled atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.
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