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Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , From solar radiation to green methanol: an energy efficiency of electricity- and biomass-based provision pathways(Springer, 2026-08-07); ; ; Publicationtype: Journal Article22 4 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Renewable energy supply via carbon-based molecules – A techno-economic assessment of various import pathwaysThe EU's transition to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) likely necessitates renewable energy imports. This paper assesses various import pathways for energy-rich “green” molecules into the EU, focusing on carbon-based molecules like “green” methanol and synthetic natural gas (SNG). These energy carriers, produced using hydrogen derived from renewable electricity and non-fossil CO2, are compared with alternative import pathways, including liquid hydrogen, ammonia, and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). Different forms of final energy supply are analyzed, including pure hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives. Results show, that among the examined pathways relying on carbon-based molecules, energy imports via methanol with largely closed carbon cycles are particularly promising. A closed carbon cycle reduces the cost of energy supply with methanol by around 15 % compared to CO2 provision via Direct Air Capture (DAC). For methanol, SNG and ammonia, direct use is more economical than reconversion into hydrogen. For pure hydrogen supply, importing gaseous hydrogen by pipeline or liquid hydrogen by ship results in the lowest hydrogen supply cost (∼0.15 €/kWhH2,LHV). If hydrogen is imported via carriers, methanol or ammonia should be preferred, while SNG and LOHCs are less competitive.Publicationtype: Journal Article23 28 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Sustainability regulations for PtX projects: scope and impact analysis(Elsevier, 2025-05-29); ; 31 26 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Erneuerbare Energien im Mobilitätssektor(Springer, 2025-04-26); ; ; ; Die Integration von erneuerbaren Energien in denVerkehrssektor ist eine der größten Herausforderungen bei der Defossilierung des Energiesystems. Aufgrund des in Kapitel 2 aufgezeigten deutlich dominierenden Anteils des Straßenverkehrs am Endenergieverbrauch des Mobilitätssektors wird im Folgenden auf die wichtigsten Technologien zur Defossilierung des selbigen eingegangen. Im Fokus steht dabei, als derzeit mit Abstand wichtigste Beitrag, die Nutzung von elektrischer Energie, welche bei Erzeugung auf Basis regenerativer Energien einen emissionsfreien Betrieb von insbesondere Personenkraftfahrzeugen ermöglicht.Publicationtype: Book Part15 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Erneuerbare Energien in Deutschland 2024(Springer, 2025-04-25); ; ; ; Die Herausgeber bieten eine Zusammenstellung der Nutzung des erneuerbaren Energieangebots in Deutschland im Jahr 2024. Zuerst ist die energiewirtschaftliche Gesamtsituation dargestellt und anschließend der aktuelle Stand der Nutzung der regenerativen Energien in Deutschland, einschließlich der wichtigsten Entwicklungen. Sowohl die Optionen zur primären Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung - einschließlich der Möglichkeiten einer KWK – als auch die Varianten einer Bereitstellung alternativer / erneuerbarer Kraftstoffe für den Verkehrssektor sind diskutiert. Darüber hinaus sind die Perspektiven marktbestimmender Technologien innerhalb der Sektoren Strom, Wärme und Mobilität analysiert. Das Buch bietet außerdem kurze Einblicke in das existierende und das potenziell zukünftige legale Regelwerk, die Integration der erneuerbaren Energien in unser Wirtschaftssystem sowie die sie determinierenden ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen.Publicationtype: Book43 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Cost analysis of kerosene production from power-based syngas via the Fischer-Tropsch and methanol pathwayCurrent estimates for power-based kerosene production costs are up to ten times higher than conventional, fossil fuel-based kerosene prices. Therefore, successful market integration necessitates a thorough understanding of the cost structure and the key factors influencing kerosene production costs. This paper provides an extensive cost analysis of power-based kerosene production comparing two different plant concepts, one using the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydrotreatment (FT pathway), the other applying direct methanol synthesis with downstream dehydration and oligomerization (MeOH pathway). Two cost allocation methods are applied to address uncertainties associated with unpredictable by-product revenues: allocating costs solely to the kerosene fraction, without considering by-product revenues, establishes the upper cost limit, while allocating costs at the total fuel fraction, defines the lower cost boundary. For these two cases, possible cost ranges are evaluated by varying technical and economic frame conditions. For the “total fuel allocation”, the FT pathway yields lower kerosene production cost than the methanol pathway (FT: 3,630 €/t, MeOH: 4,240 €/t). But contrarily for the “kerosene allocation”, the MeOH pathway shows lower cost (FT: 5,070 €/t, MeOH: 4,660 €/t). By-product revenue variation indicates benefits for the FT pathway if naphtha prices above 30 % of the kerosene production cost can be achieved. In all cases, costs are mainly affected by the supply of H2 and CO2; thus, feedstock conversion efficiency is the most important factor determining the production costs besides feedstock prices. While variations in the H2 price (3 to 7 €/kg) significantly influence kerosene production costs for both pathways (ca. ± 25 %), CO2 prices at the level of CO2 supply costs from DAC (1,000 €/t) can lead to even higher cost increases of up to 75 % compared to CO2 prices related to carbon capture costs from point sources (150 €/t). Thus, this analysis provides novel insights into the cost composition and the most important influencing parameters for the two most widely discussed production pathways for power-based kerosene production and enables comparison and assessment of production costs under different framework conditions.Publicationtype: Journal Article52 188 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Production of sustainable aviation fuels - A techno-economic analysis of power-based concepts(2025); The work investigates the efficient utilization of electrical power for the production of sustainable, carbon-based fuels, with a particular focus on kerosene-type aviation fuels. The analysis includes carbon and energy efficiencies as well as production costs for hybrid and purely power-based process concepts using steady-state process simulations. The results enable the comparison of various concepts for power-based fuel production and identify key techno-economic factors.Publicationtype: Doctoral Thesis142 79 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Erzeugungstechnologien für die strombasierte Kerosinproduktion - Technologien und Herausforderungen(2024-10-23); Publicationtype: Conference Presentation34 37 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Kerosene production from power-based syngas : a technical comparison of the Fischer-Tropsch and methanol pathwayTo achieve long-term greenhouse gas (GHG) neutrality within the aviation sector, substituting fossil aviation fuels with Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) derived from renewable energy sources is essential. Among the synthetic SAF options produced through Power-to-Liquid (PtL) processes, the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and methanol pathway are of significant interest. However, to assess and compare these pathways, detailed technical process analyses are required to provide a sound basis for economic and environmental assessments. Thus, this research paper investigates and compares both SAF production pathways starting from power-derived syngas within an in-depth technical analysis, providing novel insights into overall process characteristics and efficiencies. Carbon and energy flows are derived from steady-state flowsheet simulations. A variation of technical parameters (FT pathway: FT chain growth probability and hydrocracking behavior, Methanol pathway: Dehydration olefin-selectivity and oligomerization product distribution) is carried out to assess impacts on carbon and energy efficiency, indicating uncertainties and parameter ranges for optimized kerosene production. The results show a very high carbon efficiency of the FT pathway (98 to 99%) regarding the total liquid products, while the carbon efficiency regarding kerosene lies between 60 and 77%. For the methanol pathway, a higher kerosene carbon efficiency can be achieved (60 to 90%); however, the total product efficiency (74 to 92%) is notably lower. The energy efficiencies of both pathways behave similarly to carbon efficiency, with the methanol pathway benefiting from thermodynamic advantages, leading to higher energy efficiency at equal carbon efficiency. Within the FT pathway, kerosene efficiency increases at high chain growth probabilities, while a high olefin-selectivity is crucial for efficient kerosene production within the methanol pathway. The analysis results provide comprehensive insights into the technical behavior of the overall processes which contributes to an improved understanding of the production pathways.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 2 85 227 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Hybrid biomass- and electricity-based Kerosene production : a techno-economic analysisSubstitution of fossil kerosene with sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) is a key instrument for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the aviation industry and achieving the sector’s climate targets. Today, purely biomass- or electricity-based SAF production pathways are discussed. However, combining both approaches offers potential advantages, especially in terms of carbon utilization and product maximization. Thus, the goal of this paper is to carry out a techno-economic analysis of two hybrid processes that combine both biomass- and electricity-based production processes and can thus directly utilize the CO2 off-gas that inevitably occurs in the biomass-based process. The investigated process pathways are characterized by the biogenic intermediates being ethanol and biogas. The respective pathways are analyzed and compared in terms of technical (carbon and energy efficiency) and economic (kerosene production costs) indicators based on steady-state process simulation. These investigations show that although the process using ethanol is more efficient in terms of carbon utilization, it has a higher specific energy requirement for the target product kerosene than the biogas-based process. In both processes, the carbon and energy efficiency are below 30%, partly due to the unused carbon and energy of the solid residue, which cannot be biochemically converted. Despite the differences in process technology, both processes can achieve approximately the same kerosene production costs of 2775 €2022/tKero. The addition of the electricity-based process results in significantly increasing production costs resulting from the investments in electrolyzers and the cost of renewable electricity. However, carbon efficiency and product generation can be increased by 13% points in terms of total hydrocarbon production compared to those of a purely biomass-based production.Publicationtype: Journal Article20