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Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , From solar radiation to green methanol: an energy efficiency of electricity- and biomass-based provision pathways(Springer, 2026-08-07); ; ; Publicationtype: Journal Article23 5 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Renewable energy supply via carbon-based molecules – A techno-economic assessment of various import pathwaysThe EU's transition to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) likely necessitates renewable energy imports. This paper assesses various import pathways for energy-rich “green” molecules into the EU, focusing on carbon-based molecules like “green” methanol and synthetic natural gas (SNG). These energy carriers, produced using hydrogen derived from renewable electricity and non-fossil CO2, are compared with alternative import pathways, including liquid hydrogen, ammonia, and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). Different forms of final energy supply are analyzed, including pure hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives. Results show, that among the examined pathways relying on carbon-based molecules, energy imports via methanol with largely closed carbon cycles are particularly promising. A closed carbon cycle reduces the cost of energy supply with methanol by around 15 % compared to CO2 provision via Direct Air Capture (DAC). For methanol, SNG and ammonia, direct use is more economical than reconversion into hydrogen. For pure hydrogen supply, importing gaseous hydrogen by pipeline or liquid hydrogen by ship results in the lowest hydrogen supply cost (∼0.15 €/kWhH2,LHV). If hydrogen is imported via carriers, methanol or ammonia should be preferred, while SNG and LOHCs are less competitive.Publicationtype: Journal Article23 29 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Sustainability regulations for PtX projects: scope and impact analysis(Elsevier, 2025-05-29); ; 31 27 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Cost analysis of kerosene production from power-based syngas via the Fischer-Tropsch and methanol pathwayCurrent estimates for power-based kerosene production costs are up to ten times higher than conventional, fossil fuel-based kerosene prices. Therefore, successful market integration necessitates a thorough understanding of the cost structure and the key factors influencing kerosene production costs. This paper provides an extensive cost analysis of power-based kerosene production comparing two different plant concepts, one using the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydrotreatment (FT pathway), the other applying direct methanol synthesis with downstream dehydration and oligomerization (MeOH pathway). Two cost allocation methods are applied to address uncertainties associated with unpredictable by-product revenues: allocating costs solely to the kerosene fraction, without considering by-product revenues, establishes the upper cost limit, while allocating costs at the total fuel fraction, defines the lower cost boundary. For these two cases, possible cost ranges are evaluated by varying technical and economic frame conditions. For the “total fuel allocation”, the FT pathway yields lower kerosene production cost than the methanol pathway (FT: 3,630 €/t, MeOH: 4,240 €/t). But contrarily for the “kerosene allocation”, the MeOH pathway shows lower cost (FT: 5,070 €/t, MeOH: 4,660 €/t). By-product revenue variation indicates benefits for the FT pathway if naphtha prices above 30 % of the kerosene production cost can be achieved. In all cases, costs are mainly affected by the supply of H2 and CO2; thus, feedstock conversion efficiency is the most important factor determining the production costs besides feedstock prices. While variations in the H2 price (3 to 7 €/kg) significantly influence kerosene production costs for both pathways (ca. ± 25 %), CO2 prices at the level of CO2 supply costs from DAC (1,000 €/t) can lead to even higher cost increases of up to 75 % compared to CO2 prices related to carbon capture costs from point sources (150 €/t). Thus, this analysis provides novel insights into the cost composition and the most important influencing parameters for the two most widely discussed production pathways for power-based kerosene production and enables comparison and assessment of production costs under different framework conditions.Publicationtype: Journal Article52 189 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Production of sustainable aviation fuels - A techno-economic analysis of power-based concepts(2025); The work investigates the efficient utilization of electrical power for the production of sustainable, carbon-based fuels, with a particular focus on kerosene-type aviation fuels. The analysis includes carbon and energy efficiencies as well as production costs for hybrid and purely power-based process concepts using steady-state process simulations. The results enable the comparison of various concepts for power-based fuel production and identify key techno-economic factors.Publicationtype: Doctoral Thesis145 81 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Erzeugungstechnologien für die strombasierte Kerosinproduktion - Technologien und Herausforderungen(2024-10-23); Publicationtype: Conference Presentation34 38 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Kerosene production from power-based syngas : a technical comparison of the Fischer-Tropsch and methanol pathwayTo achieve long-term greenhouse gas (GHG) neutrality within the aviation sector, substituting fossil aviation fuels with Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) derived from renewable energy sources is essential. Among the synthetic SAF options produced through Power-to-Liquid (PtL) processes, the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and methanol pathway are of significant interest. However, to assess and compare these pathways, detailed technical process analyses are required to provide a sound basis for economic and environmental assessments. Thus, this research paper investigates and compares both SAF production pathways starting from power-derived syngas within an in-depth technical analysis, providing novel insights into overall process characteristics and efficiencies. Carbon and energy flows are derived from steady-state flowsheet simulations. A variation of technical parameters (FT pathway: FT chain growth probability and hydrocracking behavior, Methanol pathway: Dehydration olefin-selectivity and oligomerization product distribution) is carried out to assess impacts on carbon and energy efficiency, indicating uncertainties and parameter ranges for optimized kerosene production. The results show a very high carbon efficiency of the FT pathway (98 to 99%) regarding the total liquid products, while the carbon efficiency regarding kerosene lies between 60 and 77%. For the methanol pathway, a higher kerosene carbon efficiency can be achieved (60 to 90%); however, the total product efficiency (74 to 92%) is notably lower. The energy efficiencies of both pathways behave similarly to carbon efficiency, with the methanol pathway benefiting from thermodynamic advantages, leading to higher energy efficiency at equal carbon efficiency. Within the FT pathway, kerosene efficiency increases at high chain growth probabilities, while a high olefin-selectivity is crucial for efficient kerosene production within the methanol pathway. The analysis results provide comprehensive insights into the technical behavior of the overall processes which contributes to an improved understanding of the production pathways.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 2 86 230 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Power and biogas to methanol – a techno-economic analysis of carbon-maximized green methanol production via two reforming approachesThe limited potential of sustainably available biomass requires efficient conversion to defossilize future demands of carbon-based chemicals and energy carriers. Therefore, integrating electricity-derived hydrogen into biomass-based production concepts appears promising, maximizing carbon utilization while minimizing biomass requirement. However, specific process concepts and analyses are still lacking to quantify the potential technical and economic benefits of such hybrid production processes. Thus, this research paper investigates this novel approach for decentralized methanol production from biogas within a techno-economic analysis, considering two production configurations. One configuration (BiRef) utilizes electrically heated bi-reforming for syngas generation, while the other configuration (TriRef) uses autothermal tri-reforming. Based on stationary process simulations, in-depth knowledge about process behavior is gained, efficiencies and costs are determined, and influencing factors are assessed. Within the reference case, the BiRef configuration achieves a carbon efficiency of 93 %, while the TriRef configuration reaches 97 % due to its enhanced methane conversion. Energy efficiency is 5 %pt. higher within the BiRef configuration (74 %), primarily due to the lower hydrogen demand. Carbon and energy efficiency are crucially affected by reforming temperature and inert gas fraction in the syngas. The economic analysis shows methanol production costs of ca. 1,300 €2022/t for both configurations. Variations in economic parameters emphasize advantages for the TriRef configuration when low hydrogen costs (<6 €2022/kg) are achievable. The comparison with purely biogas-based methanol production shows that hydrogen addition increases production capacity by up to 67 %. Cost advantages result against purely electricity-based production, while cost parity is achieved with purely biogas-based production. This paper demonstrates the potential of hybrid methanol production for efficient biogas utilization and highlights decisive parameters influencing technical and economic efficiency.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 2 68 95 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Aviation fuel production pathways from lignocellulosic biomass via alcohol intermediates : a technical analysisIn order to achieve the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, also the growing aviation industry needs to take measures to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Various renewably sourced aviation fuels can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and most of them, except for example liquid hydrogen or LNG, can be used in the existing infrastructure without airport or aircraft modifications. As most of these renewably sourced fuel types are not (yet) produced at commercial scale, many technological assessment parameter (e.g. carbon or energy efficiency) are uncertain. Thus, the goal of this study is to compare two different process routes, both being based on biochemical and thermochemical conversion steps. The processes evaluated against conversion efficiency of the available raw feedstock and process energy requirements. The evaluation uses theoretical and biochemical carbon efficiency as well as energy efficiency as indicators. A steady-state flowsheet simulation for two biogenic process paths via biogas and bioethanol as intermediate products is carried out on the basis of literature data. In addition, the optional use of solid residue from the biotechnological process step by combustion for direct heat supply cases are studied. In the ethanol-based route, about 23% of the carbon in the feed can be recovered as kerosene, whereas this is only about 19% in the biogas route. Simultaneously, the ethanolbased route without the combustion of the residue has an energy efficiency of 28%, while the biogas route has an efficiency of 24%.Publicationtype: Journal Article60 98 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , E-NH3 and E-Methanol : a techno-economic assessment(2023-01-24); Comparative consideration of ammonia and methanol with regard to current use, production technology, economic and environmental aspects, and application aspects.Publicationtype: Conference Presentation27 17