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Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Mandatory ambiguity: a hybrid human–AI analysis of impact reporting by benefit corporationsGovernments worldwide have increasingly established new legal forms intended to empower and govern hybrid organizations’ dual pursuit of economic and social value. Mandatory impact reporting is a centerpiece of these legal innovations, yet little is known about how hybrid organizations navigate the often-ambiguous reporting requirements these laws stipulate. Drawing on a unique dataset of all mandatory impact reports filed from 2016 to 2024 by the population of benefit corporations incorporated in Minnesota, we introduce a novel, human-derived scale of benefit report quality, encompassing five dimensions. Developing and applying a rubric-guided LLM scoring protocol to rate each report against the scale, we find that third-party certification by B Lab increases both the length and quality of benefit reports, thereby revealing a nuanced interdependence between state and private regulation. Our study highlights the limits and possibilities of mandatory disclosure regimes within hybrid legal forms while demonstrating the potential of rubric-guided LLMs to enhance content analysis.Publicationtype: Journal Article17 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Must-have, or maybe not? A sensitivity-based extension to necessary condition analysis(Elsevier, 2026-03); ; ; The necessary condition analysis (NCA) has become a prominent method for identifying must-have factors required for an outcome. With increasing sample sizes, identifying such must-have factors becomes difficult as extreme responses are more likely to occur. Addressing this concern, we introduce a novel method, the NCA with an effect size sensitivity extension (NCA-ESSE), which allows researchers to better understand the sensitivity of the NCA results to extreme response patterns. We offer guidelines for the NCA-ESSE method’s use and illustrate its efficacy using a well-known job satisfaction model. By extending NCA’s capabilities to assess the sensitivity of necessary conditions, our research enhances the method’s practical utility and helps ensure the robustness and replicability of its outcomes and conclusions.Publicationtype: Journal Article23 27 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Omnichannel safe customer experience: how should it be measured? Does it affect customer well-being and retailers’ performance?(Elsevier, 2025-10-23); ; ; Wetzels, MartinCustomer safety is a fundamental need, so for customer-centric omnichannel retailers operating in competitive and technologically intensive markets, a critical question arises: do customers’ perceptions of a safe customer experience determine their sense of well-being, as well as the retailers’ performance? To offer insights into these questions, the current research relies on mixed methods across five studies in six phases to develop a multidimensional scale for safe customer experiences (SafeCX). The formative SafeCX scale, which can be adopted as either a full 48-item or a condensed 12-item version, contains 12 critical safety dimensions that constitute essential considerations for managers, as well as key concepts for researchers dedicated to customer safety considerations. Among these dimensions, several directly capture in-store technologies, such as payment systems, surveillance cameras, and technology-mediated order fulfillment processes. Other dimensions reflect online technologies, such as data protection, social media safety, and practices that bridge physical and digital channels, offering a comprehensive perspective on customer safety. Complementing SafeCX, we also develop a two-dimensional, 8-item customer well-being scale: individual well-being, reflecting effects on one’s own mental, emotional, social, and physical life; and community well-being, reflecting effects on family, friends, and the broader community. This scale enables researchers and retail managers to assess how safety perceptions translate into personal and societal value in omnichannel contexts. In turn, this research establishes that customers who indicate positive appraisals on the SafeCX scale also exhibit a higher share of wallet and stronger intentions to influence others, effects that are mediated by their well-being appraisal.Publicationtype: Journal Article27 26 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , How social entrepreneurs search for knowledge to solve complex social problems – an empirically based model and typologyIn order to tackle today's grand challenges, we need to better understand how social entrepreneurs (SEs) search for knowledge to solve complex social problems. However, existing search models in social entrepreneurship lack an explicit focus on complexity. To address this gap, our explorative study adopts concepts from organizational search within open innovation as our theoretical lens to analyse 18 narrative interviews with SEs in Germany and Ethiopia. Our findings provide empirical accounts for a social entrepreneurial search model integrating different search mechanisms and search heuristics. We identify three distinct types of SEs who apply the different search types focused search, tentative search and hybrid search based on their different complexity perceptions in different search environments and two distinct normative theories that guide their search as cognitive heuristics. We contribute to both research on organizational search and social entrepreneurship and our findings have practical implications for politicians, social entrepreneurs and educators.Publicationtype: Journal Article18 25 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Special issue editorial: advanced partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) applications in business research(Elsevier, 2025-02); ; ; ; Publicationtype: Journal Article25 25 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Latent class analysis in PLS-SEM : a review and recommendations for future applicationsWith the increasing prominence of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in business research, the use of latent class analyses for identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity has also gained momentum. Researchers have introduced various latent class approaches in a PLS-SEM context, of which finite mixture PLS (FIMIX-PLS) plays a central role due to its ability to identify heterogeneity and indicate a suitable number of segments to extract from the data. However, applying FIMIX-PLS requires researchers to make several choices that, if incorrect, could lead to wrong results and false conclusions. Addressing this concern, we present the results of a systematic review of FIMIX-PLS applications published in major business research journals. Our review provides an overview of the interdependencies between researchers’ choices and identifies potential problem areas. Based on our results, we offer concrete guidance on how to prevent common pitfalls when using FIMIX-PLS, and identify future research areas.Publicationtype: Journal Article103 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Enhancing loyalty: When improving consumer satisfaction and delight mattersPrior research has validated the importance of consumer delight and satisfaction for explaining consumer loyalty. This study extends our existing knowledge of how delight and satisfaction affect (in a nonlinear way) consumer loyalty. It explains a negative quadratic relationship between satisfaction and loyalty intentions, as well as a negative cubic relationship between delight and loyalty intentions. Contrary to satisfaction, delight unfolds its full impact at lower levels, but only after a threshold level is exceeded. Like satisfaction, the delight effect becomes saturated at very high levels. Furthermore, both delight and satisfaction effects weaken with increased prior consumption experiences. Thus, when they invest in delight and satisfaction, managers should consider their individual marginal impacts on loyalty and distinguish between consumers with reference to their prior consumption experiences.Publicationtype: Journal Article216 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Prediction-oriented modeling in business research by means of partial least squares path modelingPublicationtype: Journal Article41 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Prediction-oriented modeling in business research by means of PLS path modeling: Introduction to a JBR special section(2016-10-01); ; ; Under the main theme “prediction-oriented modeling in business research by means of partial least squares path modeling” (PLS), the special issue presents 17 papers. Most contributions include content from presentations at the 2nd International Symposium on Partial Least Squares Path Modeling: The Conference for PLS Users, which took place at the Universidad de Sevilla (Spain) from June 16 to 19, 2015. This conference provided PLS users with a platform for the fruitful exchange of ideas on variance-based structural equation modeling. At the same time, the conference addressed the latest methodological advances and their use in research practice. Finally, the conference resumed and enriched the ongoing discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of PLS. Researchers often emphasize that predictive capabilities is a strength of the PLS method. Nevertheless, methodological advances and applications in this direction are rare. The scientific committee therefore selected high-quality papers that mainly advance PLS and prediction. The special issue editors believe that these special issues will become the starting point for a more intensive use of predictive modeling in the social sciences discipline and for additional advances that will exploit PLs' capabilities in this area.Publicationtype: Journal Article124 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Segmentation of PLS path models by iterative reweighted regressions(2016-10-01); ; ; Uncovering unobserved heterogeneity is a requirement to obtain valid results when using structural equation modeling (SEM). Conventional segmentation methods usually fail in an SEM context because they account for the indicator data, but not for the latent variables and their relationships in the structural model. This research introduces a new segmentation approach to variance-based SEM using partial least squares path modeling (PLS). The iterative reweighted regressions segmentation method for PLS (PLS-IRRS) effectively identifies and treats unobserved heterogeneity in data sets. Compared to existing alternatives, PLS-IRRS is multiple times faster while delivering results of the same quality. Researchers should therefore routinely use PLS-IRRS to address the critical issue of unobserved heterogeneity in PLS.Publicationtype: Journal Article135